A.

uses the Michigan Curriculum Framework K-12 Science Content Standards and Benchmarks as the critical foundation for teacher preparation, ensuring that chemistry teachers have the content knowledge and the ability to teach this curriculum; and

The use of the Michigan Curriculum Framework K-12 Science Content Standards and Benchmarks should be evident from the content in the matrix below.  Each of the items below is met to some degree, and often the coverage surpasses the standards. The lectures and laboratories weave a thread of content that repeats and the builds on key concepts from various levels and uses examples taken from throughout the various fields of chemistry.   The combination of the content from chemistry and the teacher preparation from College of Education means that students graduating from this program have the content knowledge of chemistry and the ability to teach the chemistry curriculum. 

Same as the Secondary Minor, with additional coursework in critical areas.

B.

develops an understanding of the interconnectedness of all science, including biology, the earth/space sciences, and physics, and relates this understanding to the teaching of chemistry. 

Chemistry, by its nature, is interdisciplinary.  The connections to biology are obvious in biochemistry, as is physics in physical chemistry.  Throughout the course work for the chemistry teaching major, the students are provided examples of the relationships of chemistry to other fields of science.  Often the favorite examples for the students are examples that call on other fields of science (and ones that they may have developed a greater understanding of before taking chemistry).  They fell their own excitement when chemistry is presented in these term and develop an understanding that drawing comparisons to the other science fields is a powerful way to communicate chemistry to future student.

Same as the Secondary Minor, with additional coursework in critical areas.

The preparation of chemistry teachers will enable them to:

1.0

understand and develop the major concepts and principles of chemistry, including concepts in inorganic, organic, analytical, physical, and biochemistry, which shall include such topics as the following:

1.1

Inorganic Chemistry, including

1.1.1

atomic and molecular structure and bonding

C

For the students seeking a Minor in the program, the topics of atomic and molecular structure and bonding are covered in several classes.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  Candidates for the Secondary Minor are provided detailed coverage of this material in primarily the lecture portion of the general chemistry sequence, CHEM 121 and CHEM 123.  Evidence of this coverage is shown on the respective syllabus for each of these courses.  In CHEM 121, outline items II (Atoms, Molecules and Ions), VI (Electronic Structure of the Elements), VIII (Chemical Bonding), and IX (Molecular Geometry) show that these topics are well covered.  In CHEM 123, the topics are built upon as evidenced in the outline topics XII (Polymers) and XXI (Nuclear Chemistry). 

    In addition to the coverage in the general chemistry sequence, Minor candidates are given an in depth look at how to analyze atomic and molecular structure spectroscopically in CHEM 281.  Evidence of this coverage is shown on the CHEM 281 syllabus as outline topic VII. (“Spectrophotometric Measurements”).

     The electives offered to the Minor students also provide coverage of these topics (especially CHEM 332, Inorganic Chemistry).

Topics are covered in CHEM121 and CHEM123 as described for the Secondary Minor.

Topics are covered in CHEM 281 as described for the Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students also are introduced to advanced concepts of atomic structure in CHEM 361 (Physical Chemistry).  See evidence for this on the CHEM 361 syllabus outline as item IX (“Atomic Structure and Spectra”), along with items VII (“Introduction to Quantum Theory”) and VIII (“Particle-in-a box and the 1D Harmonic Oscillator”).

     The electives offered to the Major students also provide coverage of these topics (especially CHEM 332, Inorganic Chemistry).

1.1.2

stoichiometry

C

For the Secondary Minor students in the program, the topic of stoichiometry is covered in several classes.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  Students first are introduced to stoichiometry in the general chemistry sequence:  CHEM 121, CHEM 122, CHEM 123, and CHEM 124.  Evidence of coverage:  CHEM 121 syllabus outline section III (“Stoichiometry”) and section IV (“Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry”); CHEM 122 laboratory assignments V, VII, VIII, and IX all have extensive stoichiometry calculation sections (also found in Prelab assignments); CHEM 123 syllabus outline sections XIII, XVI, and XIX all have stoichiometric components; CHEM 124 laboratory assignments XVI, XVII, XXI, and XXV all have extensive stoichiometric calculation sections (also in Prelab assignments).

     Later, the students incorporate advanced stoichiometry in carrying out chemical analyses in CHEM 281.  It appears that every experiment in the CHEM 281 laboratory directly relies on stoiciometric calculations.  For evidence of these claims, see the lecture and laboratory outlines from CHEM 281 syllabus.

     The electives offered to the Minor students also provide coverage of these topics (especially CHEM 332, Inorganic Chemistry).

Topics are covered in CHEM121, CHEM122, CHEM123, and CHEM124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

Topics are covered in CHEM 281 as described for the Minor.

     The electives offered to the Major students also provide coverage of these topics (especially CHEM 332, Inorganic Chemistry).

1.1.3

thermodynamics and thermochemistry

C

Secondary Minor students cover the topics of thermodynamics and thermochemistry in several classes.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.   The material is covered in great detail during most of general chemistry sequence:  CHEM 121, CHEM 122, and CHEM 123.  CHEM 121 introduces thermodynamics and enthalpy as outline item V (“Thermochemistry”).  CHEM 122 has an entire laboratory (and detailed Prelab assignment) dealing with thermodynamics of dissolving salt solutions and the concepts of Hess’s Law that are applied.  See item VIII (“Solution Calorimetry”) on the outline from the CHEM 122 syllabus.  CHEM 123 introduces entropy and the Laws of Thermodynamics, as evidenced from item XIX (“Chemical Thermodynamics”) in the outline section of the CHEM 123 syllabus. 

Topics are covered in CHEM121, CHEM122, and CHEM123 as described for the Secondary Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students also are given a rigorous treatment of thermodynamics and thermochemistry in CHEM 361 (Physical Chemistry).  See evidence for this on the CHEM 361 syllabus outline as items II (“First Law of Thermodynamics, Heat, Work, and Enthalpy”), III (“Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics and Entropy”), and VI (“Free Energy and Chemical Potential”).

1.1.4

gas laws

C

The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.   For the Secondary Minor students in the program, the topics related to the gas laws are covered primarily in CHEM 121 and  CHEM 122 (the first portion of the general chemistry sequence).  An entire section is devoted to gases in CHEM 121, see section X (“Gases”) in the outline portion of the CHEM 121 syllabus.  An entire lab in CHEM 122, titled “Fun with Gas Laws” (section  XIII on the syllabus), is devoted to these laws. 

Topics are covered in CHEM121 and CHEM122 as described for the Secondary Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students also are given a rigorous treatment of gas laws in CHEM 361 (Physical Chemistry).  See evidence for this on the CHEM 361 syllabus outline as item I (“Gases”).

1.1.5

states of matter

C

The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  Students seeking certification in chemistry (with a Secondary Minor) master the states of matter in the general chemistry sequence:  CHEM 121, CHEM 122, CHEM 123, and CHEM 124.  The each of the physical states of matter and their phase changes are stressed in CHEM 121; see syllabus outline sections I (“Matter and Measurement”), VI (“Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry”), X (“Gases”) and XI (“Liquids and Solids”).  An entire lab in CHEM 122, titled “Fun with Gas Laws” (section XIII on the syllabus), is devoted to gases.  CHEM 123 has sections on “Solutions” (XIII), “Equilibrium” (XV, which includes phase equilibrium), and “Aqueous Equilibrium” (XVII, which discusses precipitations).

Topics are covered in CHEM121, CHEM122, CHEM123, and CHEM124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students cover states of matter in CHEM 361 (Physical Chemistry).  See evidence for this on the CHEM 361 syllabus outline as items I (“Gases”) and V (“Phase Equilibria and Colligative Properties”).

1.1.6

equilibria

C

Equilibria are covered in several of the classes required for the Secondary Minor.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  The general chemistry sequence (CHEM 121, CHEM 122, CHEM 123, and CHEM 124) deals with this topic often.  In CHEM 121, solution equilibria are introduced in along with aqueous reactions and solution stoichiometry (see CHEM 121 syllabus outline section IV).  In CHEM 122, a laboratory titled “Conductivity and Chemical Reactions” deals with ionic equilibria as related to solution conductivity.  A detailed coverage of equilibria is given in CHEM 123.  For evidence see the syllabus outline sections XV (“Equilibrium”) and XVII (“Aqueous Equilibrium”).  In these sections several equilibria are discussed including; acid/base equilibria, buffer systems, phase equilibria, and phase diagrams.  Several laboratory experiments in CHEM 124 reinforce the lecture concepts:  “The Iron(III)-Thiocyanate Reaction System” (CHEM 124 syllabus outline item XX), “pH Meters, Hydrolysis and Buffer Capacity” (item XXII), “pKa and Molar Mass of a Weak Acid” (XXIII), and “Qualitative Analysis of Cations” (XXIV, which deals with ionic equilibria as it relates to solubility)

     CHEM 281 also covers equilibria very well.  A section titled “Chemical Equilibrium” (V) can be found on the outline portion of the syllabus, and this deals with weak acid/base equilibria, buffers, and other common equilibria of importance to analytical measurements.

Topics are covered in CHEM121, CHEM 122, CHEM123, and CHEM 124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

Topics are covered in CHEM 281 as described for the Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students also cover equilibria in CHEM 361 (Physical Chemistry).  See evidence for this on the CHEM 361 syllabus outline as items V (“Phase Equilibria and Colligative Properties”), and VI (“Activities and Chemical Equilibrium”).

1.1.7

acid-base

C

For the students in the program, acid-base reactions and definitions are covered in several classes.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  Students seeking certification in chemistry are required to master this material covered in the general chemistry sequence:  CHEM 121, CHEM 122, CHEM 123, and CHEM 124.  In CHEM 121, the relevant section is titled “Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry” (IV), and this is where acids-base chemistry is introduced.  The students experience an acid-base reaction in the CHEM 122 laboratory.  See syllabus outline item VII (titled “Standardization of Sodium Hydroxide Solution the Determination of the Molar Mass of an Unknown Acid”).   In CHEM 123, the relevant topics are outline items XVI (“Acids & Bases”) and XVII (“Aqueous Equilibrium”).  In CHEM 124, the students carry out two experiments related to this standard; “pH Meters, Hydrolysis and Buffer Capacity” (XXII) and “pKa and Molar Mass of a Weak Acid” (XXIII).

     A more advanced development of this standard is presented in CHEM 281.  Here the students have coverage of “Acids and Bases” (IV) and “Chemical Equilibrium” (V, dealing with acid-base equilibria) in the lecture portion, while they carry out an experiment related to the standard that is titled “Volumetric KHP by Standard Indicator Change pH Titration and Electrochemical pH Titration” (item 2 in the laboratory outline).

Topics are covered in CHEM121, CHEM122, CHEM123, and CHEM124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

Topics are covered in CHEM 281 as described for the Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students cover organic acids and bases in the organic chemistry sequence (see for instance, CHEM 372 syllabus outline topic VII, “Carboxylic Acids”).

1.1.8

electrochemistry

C

For the students in the program, the topic of electrochemistry is covered in several classes.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  Candidates for the Secondary Minor are provided detailed coverage of this material in primarily the second semester of the general chemistry sequence, CHEM 123 lecture and CHEM 124 laboratory.  In CHEM122 the students do an experiment that uses electrochemical measurements, “Conductivity and Chemical Reactions,” but the main point of this experiment is not the electrochemical measurements.  Thus, in CHEM 123 the students cover a chapter on “Electrochemistry” (this chapter is item XX in the outline section of CHEM 123 syllabus).  The students also carry out two experiments in CHEM 124 that directly rely on electrochemistry; “Electrolysis” (XXV) and “Electrochemical Cells” (XXVI).  Note, the pH measurements for experiments in both CHEM 122 and CHEM124 use hydrogen ion selective electrochemical probes.

     In CHEM 281, the students also cover an entire chapter devoted to using electrochemistry as an analytical tool (see item VI, “Electrochemistry”).  The laboratory portion of CHEM 281 has electrochemical experiments:  “Volumetric KHP by Standard Indicator Change pH Titration and Electrochemical pH Titration” (2), “Macro Fe by Indicator and Potentiometric Methods” (5), and “Ksp of AgCl by Silver Electrode Method” (9).

Topics are covered in CHEM122, CHEM123, and CHEM124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

Topics are covered in CHEM 281 as described for the Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students cover electrochemistry both in the lecture and laboratory portions of CHEM 381.  For evidence, see the syllabus items I (“Introduction to Electrochemistry”), II (“Electrogravimetric and Coulometric Methods”), and III (“Voltammetry”).

1.1.9

nomenclature

B

For the students in the program, the topics associated with nomenclature of inorganic compounds are covered in several classes.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  Students experience this material mainly in the general chemistry sequence:  CHEM 121, CHEM 122, CHEM 123, and CHEM 124.  CHEM 121 is where most of the general concepts of nomenclature are presented.  Many of the systematic names for inorganic compounds are covered in the second chapter of the class, see syllabus outline item II (“Atoms, Molecules, and Ions”).  Additional coverage is given throughout several of the remaining chapters, especially in the seventh chapter (Item VII, “Periodic Properties of the Elements”).  Many of the individual experiments and Prelab assignments in CHEM 122 and CHEM 124 require knowing the nomenclature of the compounds encountered.   CHEM 123 takes the nomenclature to a higher level in chapters on “Polymers” (XII) and “Acids and Bases” (XVI).

     The CHEM 281 lecture and laboratory both use nomenclature throughout these experiences.  Evidence for this can be observed from many of the titles in the laboratory outline, where the elements are given by their symbols. 

Topics are covered in CHEM121, CHEM122, CHEM123, and CHEM124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

Topics are covered in CHEM 281 as described for the Minor.

1.1.10

qualitative analysis

C

For the students in the program, the topics dealing with qualitative analysis are covered in a few classes.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  Students cover the qualitative analysis by way of an introduction in CHEM123.  This introduction centers around Ksp (solubility product constants) values and solution equilibrium.  See item XVII (“Aqueous Equilibrium”) from the CHEM 123 syllabus outline an evidence of meeting the standard.  CHEM124 devotes an entire laboratory experiment, “Qualitative Analysis of Cations” (XXIV from CHEM 124 syllabus), to this standard.

     Additional coverage of qualitative analysis takes place in CHEM 281, under the heading of “Chemical Equilibrium” (V) and mainly from a historical perspective.  One laboratory experiment in CHEM 281 is based on the Ksp value of a compound, “Ksp of AgCl by Silver Electrode Method” (experiment 9).  This relates to the standard as Ksp values are key concepts for qualitative analysis schemes.

Topics are covered in CHEM123 and CHEM124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

Topics are covered in CHEM 281 as described for the Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students see related material in CHEM 361 under “Activities and Chemical Equilibrium” (VI).

1.2

Organic Chemistry, including

1.2.1

functional groups

C

Functional Groups are covered throughout the organic chemistry sequence, CHEM 270 lecture and CHEM 271 laboratory, taken by the Secondary Minor.  These students have an option of taking the 300-level sequence (CHEM 371 and CHEM 372 lectures with the CHEM 373 laboratory) in place of the 200-level sequence (with the 300-level being described under the Secondary Major).  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  In CHEM 270, there are several chapters devoted to the chemistry of functional groups, and the course is essentially structured around this topic.  For evidence of this standard, see the CHEM 270 syllabus outline topics that follow:  “Organic Halogen Compounds,” “Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols,” “Ethers and Epoxides,” “Ethers and Epoxides,” and “Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives.”  In the CHEM 271 laboratory, there is an entire experiment titled “Chemical Tests for Functional Groups and the Identification of an Unknown” (see CHEM 271 syllabus outline item 6 for evidence).

Functional Groups are covered throughout the organic chemistry sequence CHEM 371 and CHEM 372 lectures with the CHEM 373 laboratory.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  Evidence for this coverage is found in the topics listed in the syllabi for CHEM 371, CHEM 372, and CHEM 373.  Note that most of the material in these classes is structured around functional groups.  For the basic introduction to what functional groups are, this is covered in CHEM 371 under the heading “An Overview of Organic Reactions” (see CHEM 371 syllabus outline item V).  

1.2.2

nomenclature

C

Nomenclature related to organic molecules is covered in the organic chemistry sequence, CHEM 270 lecture and CHEM 271 laboratory, taken by the Secondary Minor.  These students have an option of taking the 300-level sequence (CHEM 371 and CHEM 372 lectures with the CHEM 373 laboratory) in place of the 200-level sequence (with the 300-level being described under the Secondary Major).  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  In CHEM 270, there is no one section on the syllabus directly related to nomenclature as this material is presented throughout the course.  For example, the naming rules specific to the carboxylic acide are given in the section titled “Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives” (CHEM 270 outline item X). 

     In CHEM 271, the laboratory manual is written such that the students must understand standard organic nomenclature to be able to perform the experiments.  For example, the students must understand the difference between fluorene and fluorenone in experiment number 4 (“Column Chromatography - Separation of a Fluorene - Fluorenone”).

Nomenclature related to organic molecules is covered throughout the organic chemistry sequence (CHEM 371, CHEM 372, and CHEM 373).  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  The basics for nomenclature are given in the first section (“Structure and Bonding”) of CHEM 371.  As topics follow, the nomenclature specific to the compounds covered is included within the chapter for that compound class (to see evidence of this standard being met, see the corresponding syllabi entries in CHEM 371, CHEM 372, and CHEM 373). 

1.2.3

aliphatic and alicyclic reactions

A

Aliphatic and alicyclic reactions are covered in the lecture portion of the organic chemistry sequence (CHEM 270, taken by the Secondary Minor students).  Minor students have an option of taking the 300 level-sequence (CHEM 371 and CHEM 372 lectures with the CHEM 373 laboratory) in place of the 200-level sequence (with the 300-level being described under the Secondary Major).  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level A, Awareness.  This standard is addressed in section II (“Alkanes and Cycloalkanes-Conformational and Geometric Isomerism”) of CHEM 270. 

Aliphatic and alicyclic reactions are covered lightly in the CHEM 371 portion of the organic chemistry sequence.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level A, Awareness, which is what the coverage provides.  Evidence of the standard being address is found as item III (“The Nature of Organic Compounds:  Alkanes and Cycloalkanes”) in the syllabus outline for CHEM 271.

1.2.4

stereochemistry

A

Stereochemistry of organic molecules is covered in the lecture portion of the organic chemistry sequence (CHEM 270, taken by the Secondary Minor students).  Minor students have an option of taking the 300-level sequence (CHEM 371 and CHEM 372 lectures with the CHEM 373 laboratory) in place of the 200-level sequence (with the 300-level being described under the Secondary Major).  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level A, Awareness. 

In meeting this standard, an entire section, section V (“Stereoisomerism”) on the syllabus outline for CHEM 270, is devoted to this topic.

. 

Stereochemistry of organic molecules is covered an entire chapter in CHEM 371.  On the CHEM 371 syllabus, see section IV (“Stereochemistry of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes”).  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level A, Awareness, and devoting an entire chapter to this topic surpasses this standard.

1.2.5

structure and reactivity of major functional groups

B

Structure and reactivity of major functional groups are covered throughout the organic chemistry sequence, CHEM 270 lecture and CHEM 271 laboratory, taken by the Secondary Minor.  These students have an option of taking the 300-level sequence (CHEM 371 and CHEM 372 lectures with the CHEM 373 laboratory) in place of the 200-level sequence (with the 300-level being described under the Secondary Major).  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  In CHEM 270, there are several chapters devoted to the chemistry of functional groups, and the course is essentially structured around this topic.  For evidence of this standard, see the CHEM 270 syllabus outline topics that follow:  “Organic Halogen Compounds,” “Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols,” “Ethers and Epoxides,” “Ethers and Epoxides,” and “Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives.”  In the CHEM 271laboratory, there is an entire experiment titled “Chemical Tests for Functional Groups and the Identification of an Unknown” (see CHEM 271 syllabus outline item 6 for evidence). covered in the organic chemistry sequence.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding. 

Structure and reactivity of major functional groups are covered throughout the organic chemistry sequence CHEM 371 and CHEM 372 lectures with the CHEM 373 laboratory.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  Evidence for this coverage is found in the topics listed in the syllabi for CHEM 371, CHEM 372, and CHEM 373.  Note that most of the material in these classes is structured around functional groups and the reactivity of the functional groups.

1.2.6

aromatic compounds

B

Aromatic compounds are covered in the organic chemistry sequence, CHEM 270 lecture and CHEM 271 laboratory, taken by the Secondary Minor.  These students have an option of taking the 300-level sequence (CHEM 371 and CHEM 372 lectures with the CHEM 373 laboratory) in place of the 200-level sequence (with the 300-level being described under the Secondary Major).  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  In CHEM 270, there is an entire sections on the syllabus directly related to aromatic compounds, section IV (“Aromatic Compounds”), which meets the standard well.

     In CHEM 271, experiment number 7 (“The Grignard Synthesis - Preparation of Triphenylmethanol.”) works directly with aromatic compounds.

Aromatic compounds are covered extensively in CHEM 371, as there are two sections devoted to this topic:  section XIII (“Benzene and Aromaticity”) and section XIV (“Chemistry of Benzene:  Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution”).  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding, and these two sections meet this standard.

1.2.7

spectroscopy

B

Spectroscopy is covered in the organic chemistry sequence lecture, CHEM 270, taken by the Secondary Minor students.  These students have an option of taking the 300-level sequence (CHEM 371 and CHEM 372 lectures with the CHEM 373 laboratory) in place of the 200-level sequence (with the 300-level being described under the Secondary Major).  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  In CHEM 270, there is an entire sections on the syllabus devoted to spectroscopy, section XII (“Spectroscopy and Structure Determination”), which meets the standard well.

[The general chemistry sequence (CHEM 121-CHEM 124) also introduces optical spectroscopy to the Secondary Minor students.]

Spectroscopy is covered in the first three sections of CHEM 372:  I (“Structure Determination:  Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectrosopy”), II (“Structure Determination:  Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy”), and III (“Structure Determination:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy”).   Thus the proficiency standard (B) is obviously attained.  Additionally, an experiment in CHEM 373 is devoted to the topic (“Spectrometric Identification Workshop”) and several of the experiments following this one require spectroscopic analysis of the students’ products.

1.2.8

heterocyclic compounds

A

Heterocyclic compounds are briefly mentioned in the lecture portion of the organic chemistry sequence (CHEM 270, taken by the Secondary Minor students).  Minor students have an option of taking the 300 level-sequence (CHEM 371 and CHEM 372 lectures with the CHEM 373 laboratory) in place of the 200-level sequence (with the 300-level being described under the Secondary Major).  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level A, Awareness. CHEM 270 mentions heterocyclic compounds as related to amines (for example, pyridine) in section XI (“Amines”) on the syllabus outline. 

Heterocyclic compounds are mentioned in conjunction with amine derivatives in CHEM 372.  See syllabus outline item XII (“Arylamines and Phenols”) for evidence of this coverage.

1.2.9

polymers

A

The standard for proficiency in this topic is level A, Awareness.  An introduction to polymers is given in CHEM 123 (see syllabus outline section XII, titled “Polymers”).  Additional coverage of polymers takes place in CHEM 270, at the end of section III (which is titled “Alkenes and Alkynes”).  Note, Secondary Minor students have an option of taking the 300 level-sequence (CHEM 371 and CHEM 372 lectures with the CHEM 373 laboratory) in place of the 200-level sequence (with the 300-level being described under the Secondary Major).

The standard for proficiency in this topic is level A, Awareness.  An introduction to polymers is given in CHEM 123 (see syllabus outline section XII, titled “Polymers”).  Additional coverage of monomers used to make into polymers takes place in CHEM 371:  see sections VII (“Alkenes:  Reactions and Synthesis”) and VIII (“Alkynes”).

1.2.10

bromolecules

A

Assuming the topic is incorrect in the matrix (as “bromolecules” is meaningless), biomolecules are covered in the organic chemistry sequence (CHEM 270 and CHEM 271, taken by the Secondary Minor students).  Minor students have an option of taking the 300 level-sequence (CHEM 371 and CHEM 372 lectures with the CHEM 373 laboratory) in place of the 200-level sequence (with the 300-level being described under the Secondary Major).  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level A, Awareness.   In CHEM 270, there is no one section devoted to biomolecules, but several sections cover the chemistry of certain classes of biomolecules (such as carboxylic acid discussed in section X, titled “Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives”).

In CHEM 271, there are two experiments directed at biomolecules:  experiment 8 (“The Isolation of Cholesterol from Human Gall Stones”) and experiment 9 (“The Isolation of Lactose from Milk”).

     Students may also select one of the biochemistry electives and have additional coverage of this topic.

Assuming the topic is incorrect in the matrix (as “bromolecules” is meaningless), biomolecules are covered in primarily in the biochemistry course (CHEM 451) and not the organic chemistry sequence.  Some coverage of related topics is provided in the organic lecture courses (CHEM 371 and CHEM 372), and an experiment on CHEM 373 is devoted to a biologically important compound (see experiment XI, titled “Extraction of Cholesterol”).

1.3

Physical Chemistry, including

1.3.1

chemical thermodynamics

B

The Physical Chemistry topics related to chemical thermodynamics are covered in several classes.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  The material is covered in great detail during the general chemistry sequence:  CHEM 121, CHEM 122, CHEM 123 and CHEM 124.  CHEM 121 introduces thermodynamics and enthalpy as outline item V (“Thermochemistry”).  CHEM 122 has an entire laboratory (and detailed Prelab assignment) dealing with thermodynamics of dissolving salt solutions and the concepts of Hess’s Law that are applied.  See item VIII (“Solution Calorimetry”) on the outline from the CHEM 122 syllabus.  CHEM 123 introduces entropy and the Laws of Thermodynamics, as evidenced from item XIX (“Chemical Thermodynamics,” which exactly matches the title of the standard) in the outline section of the CHEM 123 syllabus.  In addition, one of the experiments in CHEM 124 (“Electrochemical Cells”) deals with chemical potentials, setting up batteries, and measuring potential outputs (which are related to chemical thermodynamics through the Nernst equation).

Topics are covered in CHEM121, CHEM122, CHEM 123, and CHEM124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students also are given a rigorous treatment of chemical thermodynamics in CHEM 361 (Physical Chemistry).  See evidence for this on the CHEM 361 syllabus outline as items II (“First Law of Thermodynamics, Heat, Work, and Enthalpy”), III (“Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics and Entropy”), and VI (“Free Energy and Chemical Potential”).

1.3.2

thermochemistry

B

The Physical Chemistry topics related to thermochemistry are covered in several classes, and intertwined with the coverage on trermodynamics.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  The material is covered in great detail during the general chemistry sequence:  CHEM 121, CHEM 122, CHEM 123 and CHEM 124.  CHEM 121 introduces thermodynamics and enthalpy as outline item V (“Thermochemistry”).  CHEM 122 has an entire laboratory (and detailed Prelab assignment) dealing with thermodynamics of dissolving salt solutions and the concepts of Hess’s Law that are applied.  See item VIII (“Solution Calorimetry”) on the outline from the CHEM 122 syllabus.  CHEM 123 introduces entropy and the Laws of Thermodynamics, as evidenced from item XIX (“Chemical Thermodynamics,” which exactly matches the title of the standard) in the outline section of the CHEM 123 syllabus.  In addition, one of the experiments in CHEM 124 (“Electrochemical Cells”) deals with chemical potentials, setting up batteries, and measuring potential outputs (which are related to chemical thermodynamics through the Nernst equation).

Topics are covered in CHEM121, CHEM122, CHEM 123, and CHEM124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students also are given a rigorous treatment of chemical thermodynamics in CHEM 361 (Physical Chemistry).  See evidence for this on the CHEM 361 syllabus outline as items II (“First Law of Thermodynamics, Heat, Work, and Enthalpy”), III (“Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics and Entropy”), and VI (“Free Energy and Chemical Potential”).

1.3.3

electrolyte solutions

B

The Physical Chemistry topics related to electrolytic solutions are covered in several classes.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  The material is covered in great detail during the general chemistry sequence:  CHEM 121, CHEM 122, CHEM 123 and CHEM 124.  In CHEM 121, the students learn the concept of an electrolytic solution and the definitions of strong, weak, and non-electrolytes.  This coverage takes place in the section (see syllabus outline) titled “Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry.”  In CHEM 122, the students conduct an experiment where electrolytic solutions are tested for their conductivity (see “Conductivity and Chemical Reactions” on syllabus outline).  In CHEM 123, the students receive instruction on the electrolytic solution properties of strong vs. weak acids and bases (see “Acids & Bases” on syllabus outline).  In CHEM 124, students have four experiments linked to electrolytic solutions:  XXII (“pH Meters, Hydrolysis and Buffer Capacity”), XXIII (“pKa and Molar Mass of a Weak Acid”), XXV (“Electrolysis”), and XXVI (“Electrochemical Cells”).  

     Additional coverage related to this standard from an analytical perspective is given in CHEM281, Analytical Chemistry.  In the lecture, coverage of section X (“Electrochemistry”) is relevant; in the laboratory, experiments 2 (“Volumetric KHP by Standard Indicator Change pH Titration and Electrochemical pH Titration”), 5 (“Macro Fe by Indicator and Potentiometric Methods”), and 9 (“Ksp of AgCl by Silver Electrode Method”) are relevant.

Topics are covered in CHEM122, CHEM123, and CHEM124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

Topics are covered in CHEM 281 as described for the Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students cover electrolytic solutions both in the lecture and laboratory portions of CHEM 381.  For evidence, see the syllabus items I (“Introduction to Electrochemistry”), II (“Electrogravimetric and Coulometric Methods”), and III (“Voltammetry”).

1.3.4

measurements of physical properties of solids, liquids, and gases

C

The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  The Physical Chemistry topics related to measurements of physical properties of solids, liquids and gases are extensively covered in the general chemistry sequence:  CHEM 121, CHEM 122, CHEM 123, and CHEM 124.  The measurement of the properties of each of the physical states of matter and their phase changes are stressed in CHEM 121; see syllabus outline sections I (“Matter and Measurement”), VI (“Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry”), X (“Gases”) and XI (“Liquids and Solids”).  An entire lab in CHEM 122, titled “Fun with Gas Laws” (section XIII on the syllabus), is devoted to gases and the physical properties of gases when expanded or compressed.  CHEM 123 has sections on “Solutions” (XIII), “Equilibrium” (XV, which includes phase equilibrium), and “Aqueous Equilibrium” (XVII, which discusses precipitations).

Topics are covered in CHEM121, CHEM122, CHEM123, and CHEM124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students cover the measurement of physical properties states of solids, liquids, and gases in CHEM 361 (Physical Chemistry).  See evidence for this on the CHEM 361 syllabus outline as items I (“Gases”) and V (“Phase Equilibria and Colligative Properties”).

They also cover the theoretical equations related to the various physical states.

1.3.5

phase equilibria

C

The Physical Chemistry topics related to phase equilibria are covered in several of the classes required for the Secondary Minor.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  The general chemistry sequence (CHEM 121, CHEM 122, CHEM 123, and CHEM 124) deals often with this topic.  In CHEM 121, solution phase equilibria are introduced in along with aqueous reactions and solution stoichiometry (see CHEM 121 syllabus outline section IV).  In CHEM 122, a laboratory titled “Conductivity and Chemical Reactions” deals with ionic phase equilibria as related to conductivity.  A detailed coverage of phase equilibria is given in CHEM 123.  For evidence see the syllabus outline sections XV (“Equilibrium”) and XVII (“Aqueous Equilibrium”).  Two laboratory experiments in CHEM 124 reinforce the lecture concepts:  “The Iron(III)-Thiocyanate Reaction System” (which is a discovery experiment based on an equilibrium, see CHEM 124 syllabus outline item XX), and “Qualitative Analysis of Cations” (XXIV, which deals with equilibria between the solid phase and the aqueous phase).

     CHEM 281 also covers phase equilibria.  A section titled “Chemical Equilibrium” (V) can be found on the outline portion of the syllabus, and this deals in part with common equilibria between the solid and solution phases which are of importance to analytical measurements.

Topics are covered in CHEM121, CHEM 122, CHEM123, and CHEM 124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

Topics are covered in CHEM 281 as described for the Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students also cover phase equilibria in CHEM 361 (Physical Chemistry).  See evidence for this on the CHEM 361 syllabus outline as section V (“Phase Equilibria and Colligative Properties”), and to a lesser extent section VI (“Activities and Chemical Equilibrium”).

1.3.6

molecular spectra

B

For the Secondary Minor students, the Physical Chemistry topics related to molecular spectra are introduced in the General Chemistry sequence:  CHEM121, CHEM122, CHEM123, and CHEM124.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  In CHEM 121, the beginning of section VI (“Electronic Structure of Atoms”) covers the basic elements of the electromagnetic spectrum which are the basis of most forms of spectra.  In CHEM 122, the students perform three experiments based on optical spectroscopy of molecular species:  “Colorimetry” (X), “Colorimetric Analysis of Permanganate Solutions” (XI), and “Colorimetric Determination of Acetyl Salicylate in Aspirin” (XII).  In CHEM 123, there is a minor section on how optical spectra can be used to monitor kinetic measurements (section XIV, “Kinetics”).  In CHEM 124, these optical spectral techniques are use to monitor kinetic runs in experiments XVIII (“Kinetics of the Permanganate-Isopropyl Alcohol Reaction”) and XIX (“Kinetics:  The Sequel”).

     The students are also exposed to molecular spectra in CHEM 281 as a means to collect analytical data.  See section VII (“Spectrophotometric Measurements”) in the lecture outline in the syllabus, and experiments 6 (“Trace Fe by Spectrophotometric Methods”), 7 (“Cu by EDTA in a Spectrophotometric Method”) and 8 (“Simultaneous Co and Cr by Spectrophotometric Methods”) from the laboratory outline in the syllabus.

Topics are covered in CHEM121, CHEM122, CHEM 123, and CHEM124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students also are exposed to molecular spectra in CHEM 361 (Physical Chemistry).  This coverage occurs at the end of section IX (“Atomic Structure and Spectra”), after the treatment of the simpler case of atomic spectra.

1.3.7

spectroscopy

B

For the Secondary Minor students, the Physical Chemistry topics related to spectroscopy are introduced in the General Chemistry sequence:  CHEM121, CHEM122, CHEM123, and CHEM124.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  In CHEM 121, the beginning of section VI (“Electronic Structure of Atoms”) covers the basic elements of the electromagnetic spectrum which are the basis of most forms of spectroscopy.  In CHEM 122, the students perform three experiments based on optical spectroscopy of molecular species:  “Colorimetry” (X), “Colorimetric Analysis of Permanganate Solutions” (XI), and “Colorimetric Determination of Acetyl Salicylate in Aspirin” (XII).  In CHEM 123, there is a minor section on how optical spectra can be used to monitor kinetic measurements (section XIV, “Kinetics”).  In CHEM 124, these optical spectral techniques are use to monitor kinetic runs in experiments XVIII (“Kinetics of the Permanganate-Isopropyl Alcohol Reaction”) and XIX (“Kinetics:  The Sequel”).

     The students are also exposed to spectroscopy in CHEM 281 as a means to collect analytical data.  See section VII (“Spectrophotometric Measurements”) in the lecture outline in the syllabus, and experiments 6 (“Trace Fe by Spectrophotometric Methods”), 7 (“Cu by EDTA in a Spectrophotometric Method”) and 8 (“Simultaneous Co and Cr by Spectrophotometric Methods”) from the laboratory outline in the syllabus.

Topics are covered in CHEM121, CHEM122, CHEM 123, and CHEM124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students also are exposed to spectroscopy in CHEM 361 (Physical Chemistry).  This coverage occurs in section IX (“Atomic Structure and Spectra”), and focuses mainly on the treatment case of atomic spectra.

1.3.8

calorimetry

C

For the Secondary Minor students, the Physical Chemistry topics related to calorimetry are introduced in the CHEM 121 and CHEM 122 in the General Chemistry sequence.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  CHEM 121 introduces calorimetry as a method for measuring thermodynamic values and enthalpy in outline item V (“Thermochemistry”).  CHEM 122 has an entire laboratory (and detailed Prelab assignment) dealing with using calorimetry to study dissolving salt solutions and the concepts of Hess’s Law.  See item VIII (“Solution Calorimetry”) on the outline from the CHEM 122 syllabus. 

Topics are covered in CHEM121 and CHEM122 as described for the Secondary Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students also are exposed to constant pressure and constant volume calorimetry in CHEM 361 (Physical Chemistry).  This coverage occurs in the section titled “First Law of Thermodynamics, Heat, Work, and Enthalpy” (II).

1.3.9

quantum mechanics

C

For the Secondary Minor students, the Physical Chemistry topics related to quantum mechanics are covered in the CHEM 121 portion of the General Chemistry sequence.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  CHEM 121 discusses the main points of quantum mechanics and the electron orbitals that result in section VI (“Electronic Structure of Atoms”).  These concepts are then further developed to give a basic understanding of covalent bonding (polar and nonpolar) from a quantum mechanically derived perspective in section VIII (“Chemical Bonding”).

Topics are covered in CHEM121 as described for the Secondary Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students receive an extensive discussion of quantum mechanics in CHEM 361 (Physical Chemistry).  This coverage occurs in sections VII (“Introduction to Quantum Theory”), VIII (“Particle-in-a-Box and the 1D-Harmonic Oscillator”), and IX (“Atomic Structure and Spectra”).

1.4

Biochemistry, including

1.4.1

biomolecules – proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids – their structure and function

C

Biochemistry Chemistry topics related to biomolecules – proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids – their structure and function are covered lightly in the General Chemistry sequence:  CHEM121 and CHEM123  .  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  To reach this level of understanding, the Secondary Minor students are required to take the organic chemistry sequence:  CHEM 270 and CHEM 271.  [Note:  Minor students have an option of taking the 300 level-sequence (CHEM 371 and CHEM 372 lectures with the CHEM 373 laboratory) in place of the 200-level sequence (with the 300-level being described under the Secondary Major).]  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level A, Awareness.   In CHEM 270, there is no one section devoted to biomolecules, but several sections cover the chemistry of certain classes of biomolecules (such as carboxylic acid discussed in section X, titled “Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives”).  In CHEM 271, there are two experiments directed at biomolecules:  experiment 8 (“The Isolation of Cholesterol from Human Gall Stones”) and experiment 9 (“The Isolation of Lactose from Milk”).

     Students may also select one of the biochemistry electives and have additional coverage of this topic.

The Secondary Majors also take the General Chemistry sequence and have this topical area covered the same as the Minors.  In addition, the Majors take Biochemistry, CHEM 451, see section II on the syllabus outline.

1.4.2

aqueous pollutions

B

For the Secondary Minor, Biochemistry Chemistry topics related to aqueous pollutions are primarily covered in CHEM 123, the second semester lecture portion of the General Chemistry sequence.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  In CHEM 123, there is a section on environmental chemistry that is covered at the start of the chapter on Atmospheric Chemistry (item XVIII on the syllabus outline).  In all of the laboratory courses the Chemistry Department stresses that chemicals are not to go down the drains, as this would add to aqueous pollutions in the water table.  See the sections on “Discussion of Laboratory Policies” in both CHEM 122 (section I) and CHEM 124 (section XIV).

Same coverage as the Minors from the General Chemistry sequence.  Students receive additional coverage of aqueous pollutions if they take the Toxicology electives, CHEM 411 and CHEM 412 (which some Secondary Majors do take). 

1.4.3

buffers

B

Secondary Minor student are introduced to buffers in CHEM 123 and CHEM 124 from the General Chemistry sequence.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.

For evidence of this coverage see the syllabus outline sections XV (“Equilibrium”) and XVII (“Aqueous Equilibrium”).  In section XV the general concepts for equilibria are covered.  Then in a portion of section XVII, equilibria applied to buffer systems are covered.  In addition, a laboratory experiment in CHEM 124 reinforces the lecture concepts; see “pH Meters, Hydrolysis and Buffer Capacity” (item XXII).

     The students will also have additional coverage if they take a biochemistry elective (which the Chemistry Department stresses to them).

The Majors receive the same coverage of this topic in the General Chemistry sequence as described for the Minors.  They also have advanced coverage of this topic in at the start of Biochemistry, CHEM 451.  The evidence for this coverage is found in the CHEM 451 syllabus outline under section I, bullet heading “Solutions” (where buffers are discussed along with other important solution parameters).

1.4.4

enzyme kinetics

B

Biochemistry Chemistry topics related to enzyme kinetics are covered with general kinetics in the CHEM 123 and CHEM 124 of the General Chemistry sequence.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  This level of understanding is reached by section XIV (“Kinetics”) in CHEM 123.  In this section they learn the differences between first and second order kinetic, the equations that are derived from the integrated rate laws for first and second order reactions, and the differences in calculating half lives for first and second order reactions.  All this general material can be directly transferred to the specialized case of enzyme kinetics.  In this section, there is also a discussion of topics related specifically to enzymes; turn-over numbers, lock-and-key model, and inhibitors.  In the CHEM 124 laboratory, there are two experiments devoted to kinetics:  “Kinetics of the Permanganate-Isopropyl Alcohol Reaction” (XVIII) and “Kinetics:  The Sequel” (XIX).

     The students will also have additional coverage if they take a biochemistry elective (which the Chemistry Department stresses to them).

Majors receive the same coverage in the General Chemistry sequence as that described for the Secondary Minor students.  The Majors also cover enzyme kinetics in CHEM 451 (Biochemistry).  Shown on the syllabus outline for CHEM 451 is an entire bullet (“Enzyme Kinetics”) under section II devoted to this topic.

1.4.5

thermodynamics

B

Biochemistry Chemistry topics related to thermodynamics are covered as related to general thermodynamics in the General Chemistry sequence:  CHEM121, CHEM122, CHEM123, and CHEM124.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  CHEM 121 introduces thermodynamics and enthalpy as outline item V (“Thermochemistry”).  CHEM 122 has an entire laboratory (and detailed Prelab assignment) dealing with thermodynamics of dissolving salt solutions and the concepts of Hess’s Law that are applied.  See item VIII (“Solution Calorimetry”) on the outline from the CHEM 122 syllabus.  CHEM 123 introduces entropy and the Laws of Thermodynamics, as evidenced from item XIX (“Chemical Thermodynamics,” which exactly matches the title of the standard) in the outline section of the CHEM 123 syllabus.  In addition, one of the experiments in CHEM 124 (“Electrochemical Cells”) deals with chemical potentials, setting up batteries, and measuring potential outputs (which are related to chemical thermodynamics through the Nernst equation).  While this coverage in the General Chemistry sequence is not specific to biochemistry, the concepts can be applied to any chemical system including biological systems.

     The students will also have additional coverage if they take a biochemistry elective (which the Chemistry Department stresses to them).

Majors receive the same coverage in the General Chemistry sequence as that described for the Secondary Minor students. 

     Additionally, Secondary Major students also are given a rigorous treatment of chemical thermodynamics in CHEM 361 (Physical Chemistry).  See 1.3.1 above under Secondary Major for the discussion of general aspects of thermodynamics.

     The Majors also cover thermodynamics in CHEM 451 (Biochemistry).  Shown on the syllabus outline for CHEM 451 is an entire bullet (“Thermodynamics”) under section I devoted to this topic.

1.4.6

electron transport

B

For the Secondary Minor students, Biochemistry Chemistry topics related to electron transport are covered only if they select an elective in biochemistry.  See the Secondary Major for this coverage.

The Majors cover electron transport in CHEM 451 (Biochemistry).  Shown on the syllabus outline for CHEM 451 is an entire bullet (“Electron transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation”) under section IV devoted to this topic.

1.4.7

oxidative phosphorylation

B

For the Secondary Minor students, Biochemistry Chemistry topics related to oxidative phosphorylation are covered only if they select an elective in biochemistry.  See the Secondary Major for this coverage.

The Majors cover oxidative phosphorylation in CHEM 451 (Biochemistry).  Shown on the syllabus outline for CHEM 451 is an entire bullet (“Electron transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation”) under section IV devoted to this topic.

1.4.8

metabolism

B

For the Secondary Minor students, Biochemistry Chemistry topics related to metabolism are covered only if they select an elective in biochemistry.  See the Secondary Major for this coverage.

The Majors extensively study metabolism in CHEM 451 (Biochemistry).  Shown on the syllabus outline for CHEM 451 are two entire sections devoted to this topic:  section IV (“Metabolism of Carbohydrates”) and section VI (“Lipid Metabolism”).

1.4.9

biosynthesis/biodegradation pathway

B

For the Secondary Minor students, Biochemistry Chemistry topics related to biosynthesis/biodegradation pathways are covered only if they select an elective in biochemistry.  See the Secondary Major for this coverage.

The Majors cover this topic indirectly in CHEM 451 (Biochemistry) while studying metabolism.  Shown on the syllabus outline for CHEM 451 are two entire sections devoted to the related topic of metabolism:  section IV (“Metabolism of Carbohydrates”) and section VI (“Lipid Metabolism”).  Majors may also select to take the second semester of Biochemistry (CHEM 452), where biosynthesis is a major topic.

1.5

Analytical Chemistry, including

1.5.1

ionic equilibria

C

Ionic equilibria are covered with general equilibria in several classes.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level C, Comprehensive Understanding.  The general chemistry sequence (CHEM 121, CHEM 122, CHEM 123, and CHEM 124) deals with this topic often.  In CHEM 121, solution equilibria are introduced in along with aqueous reactions and solution stoichiometry (see CHEM 121 syllabus outline section IV).  In CHEM 122, a laboratory titled “Conductivity and Chemical Reactions” deals with ionic equilibria as related to solution conductivity.  A detailed coverage of equilibria is given in CHEM 123.  For evidence see the syllabus outline sections XV (“Equilibrium”) and XVII (“Aqueous Equilibrium”).  In these sections several equilibria of ionic species are discussed including; acid/base equilibria and buffer systems.  Several laboratory experiments in CHEM 124 reinforce the lecture concepts:  “The Iron(III)-Thiocyanate Reaction System” (CHEM 124 syllabus outline item XX), “pH Meters, Hydrolysis and Buffer Capacity” (item XXII), “pKa and Molar Mass of a Weak Acid” (XXIII), and “Qualitative Analysis of Cations” (XXIV, which deals with ionic equilibria as it relates to solubility)

     CHEM 281 also covers ionic equilibria.  A section titled “Chemical Equilibrium” (V) can be found on the outline portion of the syllabus, and this deals with weak acid/base equilibria, buffers, and other common ionic equilibria of importance to analytical measurements.

Topics are covered in CHEM121, CHEM 122, CHEM123, and CHEM 124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

Topics are covered in CHEM 281 as described for the Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students cover ionic equilibria in CHEM 361 (Physical Chemistry).  See evidence for this on the CHEM 361 syllabus outline as items V (“Phase Equilibria and Colligative Properties”), and VI (“Activities and Chemical Equilibrium”).

1.5.2

electrochemistry

B

For the students in the program, the topic of electrochemistry is covered in several classes.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  Candidates for the Secondary Minor are provided detailed coverage of this material in primarily the second semester of the general chemistry sequence, CHEM 123 lecture and CHEM 124 laboratory.  In CHEM122 the students do an experiment that uses electrochemical measurements, “Conductivity and Chemical Reactions,” but the main point of this experiment is not the electrochemical measurements.  Thus, in CHEM 123 the students cover a chapter on “Electrochemistry” (this chapter is item XX in the outline section of CHEM 123 syllabus).  The students also carry out two experiments in CHEM 124 that directly rely on electrochemistry; “Electrolysis” (XXV) and “Electrochemical Cells” (XXVI).  Note, the pH measurements for experiments in both CHEM 122 and CHEM124 use hydrogen ion selective electrochemical probes.

     In CHEM 281, the students also cover an entire chapter devoted to using electrochemistry as an analytical tool (see item VI, “Electrochemistry”).  The laboratory portion of CHEM 281 has electrochemical experiments:  “Volumetric KHP by Standard Indicator Change pH Titration and Electrochemical pH Titration” (2), “Macro Fe by Indicator and Potentiometric Methods” (5), and “Ksp of AgCl by Silver Electrode Method” (9).

Topics are covered in CHEM122, CHEM123, and CHEM124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

Topics are covered in CHEM 281 as described for the Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students cover electrochemistry both in the lecture and laboratory portions of CHEM 381.  For evidence, see the syllabus items I (“Introduction to Electrochemistry”), II (“Electrogravimetric and Coulometric Methods”), and III (“Voltammetry”).

1.5.3

advanced separation technique – GLC and HPLC

B

The Analytical Chemistry topics related to advanced separation techniques like GC (gas chromatography), LC (liquid chromatography), and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) are covered in Analytical Chemistry, CHEM 281. The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  There is a section in the lecture portion of CHEM 281 devoted to this topic, “Chromatographic Measurements” (VIII).  There is also an experiment in the laboratory portion that requires the students to run an ion-exchange (LC) column:  “Macro Na by Ion-Exchange Followed by Titration” (experiment 4).

     Minor students that take the 200-level organic chemistry sequence have a laboratory experiment that uses the GC (experiment 3, “Fractional Distillation of a Mixture and Gas Chromatographic Analysis of the Separated Compounds”) and one that uses LC (experiment 4, “Column Chromatography - Separation of a Fluorene – Fluorenone Mixture”).

These topics are covered in CHEM 281 as described for the Secondary Minor.  In addition, the Secondary Major students also have coverage of these topics in the lecture and laboratory sections of CHEM 381.  In the lecture there are three sections devoted to the coverage of this standard:  “An Introduction to Chromatographic Methods” (VIII), “Gas-Liquid Chromatography” (IX), and “High-Performance Liquid Chromatography” (X).

The CHEM 373 laboratory has several experiments that use the techniques of GC (VI, VII), LC (X), and TLC (XIV).

1.5.4

electrochemical analysis

B

For the students in the program, the topic of electrochemistry as related to electrochemical analysis is covered in several classes.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  Candidates for the Secondary Minor are provided detailed coverage of this material in primarily the second semester of the general chemistry sequence, CHEM 123 lecture and CHEM 124 laboratory.  In CHEM122 the students do an experiment that uses electrochemical measurements, “Conductivity and Chemical Reactions,” but the main point of this experiment is not the electrochemical measurements.  Thus, in CHEM 123 the students cover a chapter on “Electrochemistry” (this chapter is item XX in the outline section of CHEM 123 syllabus).  The students also carry out two experiments in CHEM 124 that directly rely on electrochemistry; “Electrolysis” (XXV) and “Electrochemical Cells” (XXVI).  Note, the pH measurements for experiments in both CHEM 122 and CHEM124 use hydrogen ion selective electrochemical probes.

     In CHEM 281, the students also cover an entire chapter devoted to using electrochemistry as an analytical tool (see item VI, “Electrochemistry”).  The laboratory portion of CHEM 281 has electrochemical experiments:  “Volumetric KHP by Standard Indicator Change pH Titration and Electrochemical pH Titration” (2), “Macro Fe by Indicator and Potentiometric Methods” (5), and “Ksp of AgCl by Silver Electrode Method” (9).

Topics are covered in CHEM122, CHEM123, and CHEM124 as described for the Secondary Minor.

Topics are covered in CHEM 281 as described for the Minor.

     Additionally, Secondary Major students cover electrochemistry as related to electrochemical analysis in the lecture and laboratory portions of CHEM 381.  For evidence, see the syllabus items I (“Introduction to Electrochemistry”), II (“Electrogravimetric and Coulometric Methods”), and III (“Voltammetry”).

1.5.5

spectroscopic analysis

B

For the Secondary Minor students, the topics related to spectroscopic analysis are introduced in the General Chemistry sequence:  CHEM121, CHEM122, CHEM123, and CHEM124.  The standard for proficiency in this topic is level B, Basic Understanding.  In CHEM 121, the beginning of section VI (“Electronic Structure of Atoms”) covers the basic elements of the electromagnetic spectrum.  In CHEM 122, the students perform three experiments based on optical spectroscopy of molecular species:  “Colorimetry” (X), “Colorimetric Analysis of Permanganate Solutions” (XI), and “Colorimetric Determination of Acetyl Salicylate in Aspirin” (XII).  In CHEM 123, there is a minor section on how optical spectra can be used to monitor kinetic measurements (section XIV, “Kinetics”).  In CHEM 124, these optical spectral techniques are use to monitor kinetic runs in experiments XVIII (“Kinetics of the Permanganate-Isopropyl Alcohol Reaction”) and XIX (“Kinetics:  The Sequel”).

     The students are also exposed to analytical spectroscopy in CHEM 281.  See section VII (“Spectrophotometric Measurements”) in the lecture outline in the syllabus, and experiments 6 (“Trace Fe by Spectrophotometric Methods”), 7 (“Cu by EDTA in a Spectrophotometric Method”) and 8 (“Simultaneous Co and Cr by Spectrophotometric Methods”) from the laboratory outline in the syllabus.

In addition to the coverage in CHEM 121-124 and CHEM 281, spectroscopic analysis is covered in the first three sections of CHEM 372:  I (“Structure Determination:  Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectrosopy”), II (“Structure Determination:  Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy”), and III (“Structure Determination:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy”).   Thus the proficiency standard (B) is obviously attained.  Additionally, several experiments in CHEM 373 rely on spectroscopic analysis.

     In CHEM 381, the lecture covers spectroscopy in several sections (IV, V, VI, VII, and XI) and there are several experiments in the laboratory devoted to spectroscopic analysis.

The preparation of high school chemistry teachers will enable teachers to:

2.0

apply mathematics, including calculus and statistics, to investigations in chemistry and the analysis of data;

In CHEM121, temperature conversions apply basic addition and subtraction (and can use negative numbers).  Unit conversions require use of multiplication and division.  Equation solving requires the use of algebra and variables (the Ideal Gas Law for example).  Graphing data requires the use of slope and intercept.  Precision of numbers is addressed in applying significant figures, and exponents are encountered in working with large numbers in terms of scientific notation.  In CHEM123, the study reaction rates and kinetics requires the use of natural logarithms and inverse natural logarithm.  The acid scale, expressed in terms of pH, requires the use of both logarithms and inverse logarithms.  Discussing molecular weight distributions of polymers and descriptions of average kinetic energy of gases requires the application of simple statistics.  In CHEM122 and CHEM124 the math used in lecture is applied to the laboratory and Prelab assignments (which must be completed before coming into the laboratory, which ensures that this standard is met).  In CHEM281 lecture and laboratory, the students calculate the precision and statistical accuracy of their experimental trials. 

Same coverage in CHEM 121-124 and CHEM 281 as the Secondary Minor students.  In addition, CHEM 361 has MATH 120, calculus I, as a prerequisite (so the calculus standard is met in another department’s course).  In CHEM 361, students also apply calculus to the Laws of Thermodynamics and Kinetics (integrate the first and second order rate laws, the integrated results of which were given in CHEM 123).  To cover quantum mechanics, calculus is again used, while in covering reaction mechanisms a form of statistical mechanics is used.   

3.0

relate the concepts of chemistry to contemporary, historical, technological, and societal issues; in particular, relate concepts of chemistry to current controversies, such as those around energy uses and medical research, as well as other issues;

Chemistry, by its nature, is at the center of human endeavors and values.  Throughout the course work for the chemistry teaching major, the students are provided examples of the relationships of chemistry to humanity.  These examples include:  environmental issues (like clean water, air quality, ozone depletion, greenhouse gases, food quality, fertilizers, and acid rain), problems with corrosion, impact of advanced materials (in areas like optics and communications), transportation issues, economical issues, art and art conservation, space exploration, medicines, and nuclear chemistry (power, weapons, medicine). 

Chemistry, by its nature, is at the center of human endeavors and values.  Throughout the course work for the chemistry teaching major, the students are provided examples of the relationships of chemistry to humanity.  These examples include:  environmental issues (like clean water, air quality, ozone depletion, greenhouse gases, food quality, fertilizers, and acid rain), problems with corrosion, impact of advanced materials (in areas like optics and communications), transportation issues, economical issues, art and art conservation, space exploration, medicines, and nuclear chemistry (power, weapons, medicine). 

4.0

locate resources, design and conduct inquiry-based open-ended investigations in chemistry, interpret findings, communicate results, and make judgments based on evidence;

Chemistry, like all other sciences, is based on the scientific method.  The laboratories in chemistry have been designed to reinforce the scientific method:  experimentation and observations, discovery of patters and trends, formulation and testing of hypotheses, and finally the generalization of the explanations in the form of a theory.

     The general chemistry laboratories, CHEM 122 and CHEM 124, give students the opportunity to gather data (often in a group setting) and synthesize this data into meaningful relationships (like the concept of adsorption being linear with respect to concentration).  The CHEM 281 Laboratory provides students with similar experience, only now their performance depends on the accuracy and precision of their individual work.  In this class they must also keep a laboratory notebook in a standard format.  This notebook is graded as are the written reports that they turn in (communicate results) to their instructors.  The grading of notebooks and reporting of results is also part of the CHEM 271 laboratory experience, and in this course, the students must locate physical properties (like melting points) from standard reference sources.

     Research experiences also available to students in the program that chose to partake in them as part of their electives in Chemistry.

The same arguments from the Secondary Minor can be applied here, noting that the Major students take CHEM 373 laboratory in place of the CHEM 271 laboratory.  In CHEM 373 the students have several assignments that require the interpretation of spectral data to identify their known and unknown compounds.

5.0

construct new knowledge for themselves through research, reading and discussion, and reflect in an informed way on the role of science in human affairs;

Chemistry, like all other sciences, is based on the scientific method.  The laboratories in chemistry have been designed to reinforce the scientific method:  experimentation and observations, discovery of patters and trends, formulation and testing of hypotheses, and finally the generalization of the explanations in the form of a theory.

     The general chemistry laboratories, CHEM 122 and CHEM 124, give students the opportunity to gather data (often in a group setting) and

CHEM 281 Laboratory

CHEM 373, organic chemistry laboratory the students synthesize compounds and learn to properly identify them through physical measurements and chemical tests. 

CHEM 381 Laboratory

Research experiences also available

PHY 325 (Methods of Teaching Physical Sciences) includes units on reporting scientific information using the blackboard, overhead projector, and orally.

CHEM 122 CHEM 124 inquiry labs

CHEM 381 Laboratory

Research experiences also available

PHY 325 (Methods of Teaching Physical Sciences) includes units on reporting scientific information using the blackboard, overhead projector, and orally.

CHEM 122 CHEM 124 inquiry labs

6.0

understand and promote the maintenance of a safe science classroom as identified by the Council of State Science Supervisors, including the appropriate use and storage of scientific equipment, and the safe storage, use, and disposal of chemicals;

The future teachers observe safety in the EMU laboratories and that they are required to conduct themselves in a safe manner in these laboratories.  This experience is enhanced by the university-wide Health and Safety Compliance Administrator, Kathryn Wilhoff who has the duties of training the faculty and teaching assistants (some whom may become teachers) in health and safety issues. 

     The future teachers also see the lengths that the Chemistry Department goes to in stressing safety issues.  In every laboratory course, the students are required to sign a sheet titled “Chemical Laboratory Safety Rules.”  This sheet certifies that they are aware of the safety rules and know the location and proper use of basic safety equipment (showers, eye wash stations, fire extinguishers, fire blankets, emergency phones, and markings for emergency).

     The one personal safety device that is stressed above all the rest is the use of OSHA approved safety goggles during the laboratory period, and the Chemistry Department does not accept substitutes or excuses for not having them on during the laboratory period (this is cause for removal from the session).  Gloves are made available when handling of hazardous materials is required. Chemical spill kits are in place in the laboratories.

[See additional items under the Major.]

[Continued from the Minor.]

Fume hoods and safety cabinets are in use in the laboratories and provide positive examples of safety.  Other positive safety examples include separate storage of reactive chemicals (like acids and bases), clear labeling of reagent containers, properly labeled waste disposal containers, and broken glass containers.  Students also see the replacement of mercury containing devices with electronic based devices. 

     PHY 325 (Methods of Teaching Physical Science) has units devoted to laboratory safety, disposal of chemicals, and proper storage and setup of materials.  Students also do a pre-student teaching assignment wherein they are required to observe a class in a science classroom or laboratory.  They interview the teacher and discuss safety issues and precautions with the teacher.

7.0

demonstrate competence in the practice of teaching as defined within the Entry-Level Standards for Michigan Teachers;

All secondary education programs are structured around the EMU Teacher Preparation Standards and Benchmarks.  These are aligned with the MI Entry-Level Standards.  Students complete six core program assignments—in addition to field experiences and student teaching—all organized around the benchmarks.  These assignments can be found in the ACEI material if needed.  In particular, all student teachers must complete a required curriculum unit in their content area that documents student learning as a result of the unit. 

All secondary education programs are structured around the EMU Teacher Preparation Standards and Benchmarks.  These are aligned with the MI Entry-Level Standards.  Students complete six core program assignments—in addition to field experiences and student teaching—all organized around the benchmarks.  These assignments can be found in the ACEI material if needed.  In particular, all student teachers must complete a required curriculum unit in their content area that documents student learning as a result of the unit. 

8.0

create and maintain an educational environment in which conceptual understanding will occur for all science students;

Students must complete curriculum units in their science areas in both CURR 305 and student teaching.  Part of the assessment for each of these units is the analysis of content and organization around key concepts.  In addition, both units must include multiple teaching methods (related to multiple learning styles) and adaptations for a variety of special needs.  The student teaching unit must be assessed to document overall student learning and particular analysis of learning for a student with a special need.  Of course, multiple other dimensions of effective teaching are assessed in the student teaching evaluation forms and journal.

Students must complete curriculum units in their science areas in both CURR 305 and student teaching.  Part of the assessment for each of these units is the analysis of content and organization around key concepts.  In addition, both units must include multiple teaching methods (related to multiple learning styles) and adaptations for a variety of special needs.  The student teaching unit must be assessed to document overall student learning and particular analysis of learning for a student with a special need.  Of course, multiple other dimensions of effective teaching are assessed in the student teaching evaluation forms and journal.

9.0

demonstrate competence in the practice of teaching through investigative experiences and by demonstrating the application of the scientific process and assessing student learning through multiple processes;

Both the unit prepared in CURR 305 and the student teaching unit must include at least one inductive lesson.  It is not the same as investigative experiences but it is supportive of that kind of experience.  In EDPS 340, students must develop both traditional and authentic assignments.  In student teaching, they must assess student learning through a variety of both individual and group analyses.   

Both the unit prepared in CURR 305 and the student teaching unit must include at least one inductive lesson.  It is not the same as investigative experiences but it is supportive of that kind of experience.  In EDPS 340, students must develop both traditional and authentic assignments.  In student teaching, they must assess student learning through a variety of both individual and group analyses.   

10.0

develop an understanding and appreciation for the nature of scientific inquiry; and

With the laboratory intense nature of this Secondary Minor, the students learn to enjoy working on experiments.  They also learn the art of scientific study as the laboratory experiences build on each other.  Often the laboratories are the students’ favorite portion of the chemistry curriculum.

With the laboratory intense nature of this Secondary Minor, the students learn to enjoy working on experiments.  They also learn the art of scientific study as the laboratory experiences build on each other.  Often the laboratories are the students’ favorite portion of the chemistry curriculum.  The Secondary Majors also have an enhanced version of this as they take more laboratory hours than the Secondary Minors, and they are more likely to do an independent research experience as one of their electives.

11.0

understand chemistry as the study of the composition, structure, properties, reactions of matter, and the dynamic interrelations of matter.

From the beginning of their chemistry program to the last course, the students are given a sense that chemistry is an interconnected study of matter.  Chemistry is the “central science.”

From the beginning of their chemistry program to the last course, the students are given a sense that chemistry is an interconnected study of matter.  Chemistry is the “central science.”